Trunk Injection as a Tool to Deliver Plant Protection Materials—An Overview of Basic Principles and Practical Considerations

Basic principles and practical application

Principles of chemoradiation: theoretical and practical considerations.

Chemotherapy agents known to enhance the effects of radiation in preclinical studies have been used concurrently with radiotherapy in numerous clinical trials with the prospect of further enhancing radiation-induced local tumor control. While some success in several tumor histologies has been achieved using this approach, a major concern has been enhancement in normal tissue toxicity. This brie...

A Review of Biopsy in Dentistry: Principles, Techniques, and Considerations

Biopsy is a useful technique for definitive diagnosis of abnormal oral conditions and it must be performed carefully since any error may result in histopathologic misidentification of the lesion. Present study evaluated the most relevant literatures published between 1982 and 2012 in order to review existed guidelines of correct biopsy performance using scientific database sources such as PubMe...

Anther development: basic principles and practical applications.

Male reproductive processes in flowering plants take place in the stamen (Esau, 1977). This sporophytic organ system contains diploid cells that undergo meiosis and produce haploid male spores, or microspores. Microspores divide mitotically and differentiate into multicellular male gametophytes, or pollen grains, that contain the sperm cells. Figures 1 and 2 show that the stamen consists of two...

The Atomic Force Spectroscopy as a Tool to Investigate Surface Forces: Basic Principles and Applications

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been useful to investigate materials performance, processes, physical and surface properties at the nanometer scale. In addition to the standard AFM, which measures surface topography, many accessories have been developed to obtain specific additional information. In this chapter, we shall concentrate on atomic force spectroscopy (AFS), which derived from AFM a...